California Garden & Landscape History Society News

Watsonville Apple Crate Murals

David Laws — Sat, 06 Mar 2021 17:05:37 GMT

By David A. Laws (March 6, 2021)

Early in the 20th century, in Santa Cruz County, California, the city of Watsonville displayed a prominent banner across Main Street, proclaiming the nickname “The Apple City.” Many city leaders made their living in the business of growing, processing, and shipping apple and apple products all over the country and overseas. As they succeeded, competition became fierce. Growers distinguished their fruit and orchards by creating brand names based on themes and lifestyles of the era that they promoted in vivid color and bold graphics on apple crate packing labels.

"Apple City" sign circa 1910. Photo: Pajaro Valley Historical Association

In 2008, Gabe Lopez, the owner of Golden State Auto Care at 20 East Lake Avenue, commissioned artist Art Thomae to paint a mural based on a Franich Bros. brand label from the 1920s on a side wall of his business overlooking Union Street.

Original F.B. Brand crate label from the 1920s Model for mural.

Inspired by Lopez’s lead, in 2009, the City of Watsonville established an Historic Label Art Mural Project to encourage artists to paint fifteen large murals of early-1900s era apple crate labels on the walls of businesses throughout downtown. Some artists received city financial support; private individuals funded others. Two murals were lost when buildings were razed. Thirteen remain today; eleven of them appear in the photo collage below as printed on page 87 of the Winter 2021 special orchard-themed issue of Eden.

Visit the Watsonville City website to download a pdf walking guide to the murals.

Rainbow! A History of the Rose in California

David Laws — Sun, 28 Feb 2021 15:46:58 GMT

By Susan Chamberlin (February 28, 2021)

This early history of the rose in California by Darrell g.h. Schramm is an essential reference. Native species, varieties introduced by the Spanish colonizers and subsequent settlers, roses arising in California, and a chronological history of California rose nurseries are some highlights. Rose rustlers will appreciate the lists of introductions and lost roses at the end. The history ends in the 1920s. No footnotes but the bibliography is extensive.

About the Author - Biography from the rear cover of the book

Darrell g.h. Schramm, rose historian, a retired rhetoric, composition, and poetry professor, and a Master Gardener, is the author of numerous articles in such publications as American Rose, Historic Rose Journal, Heritage Roses New Zealand, Pacific Horticulture, Rose Letter, Rosa Mundi, By Any Other Name and others, including literary, educational, and historical journals and magazines. On the national board of the Heritage Roses Group, he is editor of its quarterly, while also serving on the board for The Friends of Vintage Roses and editing its online newsletter. He lives and gardens in Vallejo, California.

Excerpts from the book can be reviewed at:

https://www.amazon.com/Rainbow-California-Darrell-g-h-Schramm/dp/1547175745

"Shaping Landscape Architecture in the Early 20th Century" works cited by Thaïsa Way

David Laws — Fri, 19 Feb 2021 01:28:34 GMT

Posted by David Laws (February 18, 2021)

Thaïsa Way Program Director for Garden & Landscape Studies at Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, a Harvard University research institution located in Washington DC presented an online lecture "Shaping Landscape Architecture in the Early 20th Century: Race, Gender, and Difference" to CGLHS members on February 17, 2021. A video recording of the lecture can be viewed on the Members Only CGLHS Talks page of this website.

Works cited during the talk are listed below:

“African-American Gardens at Monticello.” Monticello. https://www.monticello.org/house-gardens/center-for-historic-plants/twinleaf-journal-online/african-american-gardens-at-monticello/. Accessed August 4, 2020.

Allen, Walter R. and Joseph O. Jewell, Kimberly A. Griffin, and De'Sha S. Wolf. "Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Honoring the Past, Engaging the Present, Touching the Future." The Journal of Negro Education 76, no. 3 (2007): 263-280.

Anne Spencer House and Garden Museum. “Biography.” Anne Spencer House and Garden Museum. http://www.annespencermuseum.com/biography.php. Accessed August 4, 2020.

Begg, Virginia Lopez. "Influential Friends: Charles Sprague Sargent and Louisa Yeomans King." Journal of the New England Garden History Society. Vol. 1 (Fall 1991): 38-45.

Bell, Susan Groag. "Women Create Gardens in Male Landscapes: A Revisionist Approach to Eighteenth-Century English Garden History." Feminist Studies 16, no. 3 (1990): 471-91

Berry, Daina Ramey, and Gross, Kali Nicole. A Black Women's History of the United States. Boston: Beacon Press, 2020.

“Black Women’s Club Movement.” Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/black-womens-club-movement. Accessed July 6, 2020.

Blain, Keisha N. Set the World on Fire : Black Nationalist Women and the Global Struggle for Freedom. Politics and Culture in Modern America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018.

Brown, Nikki. Private Politics and Public Voices :Black Women's Activism from World War I to the New Deal. Blacks in the Diaspora. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.

Burnett, Frances Hodgson, and Tasha Tudor. The Secret Garden. 1st Harper Trophy ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1987.

Combahee River Collective. "“The Combahee River Collective Statement” (1977)." In Available Means: An Anthology Of Women's Rhetoric(s), edited by Ritchie Joy and Ronald Kate, Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001: 292-300.

Crenshaw, Kimberle. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics [1989].” In Feminist Legal Theory, 1st ed. Routledge, 1991: 57-80.

Davidson, R. W. Introduction to The Spirit of the Garden, Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press: 2001.

Davis, Elizabeth Lindsay. Lifting As They Climb. District of Columbia: National Association of Colored Women, 1933, originally published 1933.

Farrand, Beatrix. The Bulletins of Reef Point Gardens. Bar Harbor, Me. : Sagaponack, N.Y.: Island Foundation ; Distributed by Sagapress, 1997.

Ford, Charita M. "Flowering a Feminist Garden: The Writings and Poetry of Anne Spencer." Sage (Atlanta, Ga.) 5, no. 1 (1988): 7-14.

Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things. New York: Vintage Books, 1971.

Frischkorn, Rebecca T., Anne Spencer, and Reuben M. Rainey. Half My World : The Garden of Anne Spencer, a History and Guide. Lynchburg, Va.: Warwick House Pub., 2003.

Frost, H. A. and W. R. Sears. Women in Architecture and Landscape Architecture. Northhampton, Massachusetts: Smith College, 1928.

Giesecke, Annette, and Naomi Jacobs. Earth Perfect? : Nature, Utopia and the Garden. London: Black Dog Publishing, 2012.

Giesecke, Annette, and Naomi Jacobs. The Good Gardener? : Nature, Humanity and the Garden. London: Artifice Books on Architecture, 2015.

“Gilles Deleuze/ Becoming.” The Human Geography Knowledge Base. http://geography.ruhosting.nl/geography/index.php?title=Gilles_Deleuze. Accessed August 1, 2020.

Glave, Dianne D. Rooted in the Earth : Reclaiming the African American Environmental Heritage. 1st ed. Chicago, Ill.: Lawrence Hill Books, 2010.

Gundaker, Grey, and Tynes Cowan. Keep Your Head to the Sky : Interpreting African American Home Ground, Democracy and Urban Landscapes. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1998.

“Guide to the Century of Progress International Exposition,” University of Chicago Library, https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.CRMS226, Accessed July 7, 2020.

Haraway, Donna Jeanne. When Species Meet. Posthumanities. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008.

Harris, Carmen V. "The South Carolina Home in Black and White: Race, Gender, and Power in Home Demonstration Work." Agricultural History 93, no. 3 (2019): 477-501.

Harris, Dianne Suzette. Little White Houses : How the Postwar Home Constructed Race in America. Architecture, Landscape, and American Culture Series. Minneapolis, Minnesota ; London: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

Harris, Dianne. "Women as Gardeners," in Encyclopedia of Gardens : History and Design, ed. Candice A. Shoemaker and Chicago Botanic Garden. New York: Routledge, 2018: 1448.

Heath, Barbara J., and Amber Bennett. “‘The Little Spots Allow’d Them’ The Archaeological Study of African American Hards.” Historical Archaeology 34(2) (2000): 38-55.

Henry, Marianne Morgan. "Notes: A Practical Course in Landscape Architecture." Bulletin of the Garden Club of America, January 1938: 122-125.

Hetherington, Kevin. The Badlands of Modernity : Heterotopia and Social Ordering. International Library of Sociology. London; New York: Routledge, 1997.

“History.” Guide to the Delphinium Garden Club of Dayton Records. Wright State University, Special Collections and Archives, 1931-2012.

“History.” National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs. https://www.nacwc.com/history. Accessed August 1, 2020.

hooks, bell. Belonging : A Culture of Place. New York: Routledge, 2008, 5.

hooks, bell. "Earthbound: On Solid Ground." in Belonging : A Culture of Place. New York: Routledge, 2008.

hooks, bell. Yearning : Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1999.

Hutcheson, M. B. The Spirit of the Garden. Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1923.

Hutcheson, Martha Brookes.“ Wider Program for Garden Clubs.” Address to the general meeting of the Garden Club of America, May 1919, New York, NY. Reprinted as “Excerpts from the Wider Program, 1919.” Bulletin of the Garden Club of America (Jan. 1938): 26-27.

Jay, Martin. Adorno. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984.

Johnson, Jessica Marie. Wicked Flesh: Black Women, Intimacy, and Freedom in the Atlantic World. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020.

Jones, Jacqueline. Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow : Black Women, Work, and the Family from Slavery to the Present. New York: Basic Books, 1985.

Jones, Martha S. Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won The Vote, And Insisted On Equality For All. Basic Books, 2020.

Koues, H. "Good Housekeeping Exhibition: Classic Modern Garden and Pavilion At A Century of Progress--Chicago." Good Housekeeping XCIX(2)1934): 54,55,56,132.

"Little House Gets Crop of 36 Apples," New York Times, July 20, 1935: 15.

Major, Judith K. Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer : A Landscape Critic in the Gilded Age. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013.

McKay, George. Radical Gardening: Politics, Idealism & Rebellion in the Garden. London, England: Frances Lincoln Publishers, dist. by PGW, May 2011.

"Model Home Opens; Throng Inspects It," New York Times, Nov 7, 1934: 33.

Mullins, Paul. “Gardens in the Black City: Landscaping 20th-Century African America.” Archaeology and Material Culture (blog). July 19, 2015. https://paulmullins.wordpress.com/2015/07/19/gardens-in-the-black-city-landscaping-20th-century-african-america/. Accessed August, 4, 2020.

Neyland, Leedell W., and Fahm, Esther Glover. Historically Black Land-grant Institutions and the Development of Agriculture and Home Economics, 1890-1990. Tallahassee, Fla.: Florida A & M University Foundation, 1990.

Parker, Rozsika. “Unnatural History: Women, Gardening, and Feminity” in Kingsbury, Noël, and Tim Richardson. Vista : The Culture and Politics of Gardens. 1st Frances Lincoln ed. London: Frances Lincoln, 2005.

Phillps, Karen and Perry Howard. “2020 Landscape Architecture Speaker Series – Karen Phillips and Perry Howard.” http://pushstudioblog.com/the-black-landscape-architects-network-2018/, Accessed August 1, 2020.

Roberts, Edith Adelaide, and Elsa. Rehmann. American Plants for American Gardens. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1996.

Scholl, Jan. "Extension Family and Consumer Sciences: Why It Was Included in the Smith-Lever Act of 1914." Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences 105, no. 4 (2013): 8-16.

Scott, Anne Firor. "Most Invisible of All: Black Women's Voluntary Associations." The Journal of Southern History 56, no. 1 (1990): 3-22.

Scott, Anne Firor. Natural Allies: Women's Associations in American History. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1991.

Shipman, Ellen Biddle. "Garden-Notebook," in Ellen McGowan Biddle Shipman #1259, Division of Rare Books and Manuscripts, Cornell University Library, Ithaca.

Spencer-Wood, Suzanne M., and Sherene Baugher. "Introduction to the Historical Archaeology of Powered Cultural Landscapes." International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14, no. 4 (2010): 463-74.

Spicer, A. H. "The Gardening Women in Our Town." The House Beautiful, (1913): 103-104.

Sprague, Charles and William A. “Cover Page”, Garden and Forest Magazine 10 (1897): 192.

Stackelberg, Katharine T. "Performative Space and Garden Transgressions in Tacitus' Death of Messalina." American Journal of Philology 130, no. 4 (2009): 595-624.

The Home Demonstration Agent; AIB 38-July 1951, US Department of Agriculture, booklet; 25-27.

Thoren, Roxi. “Dreaming True.” Places Journal, November 2018. https://doi.org/10.22269/181127, Accessed August 1, 2020.

Van Rensselaer, Mariana (Mrs. Schuyler). "Landscape Gardening--a Definition." Garden and Forest 1, no. 1 (1888):2.

Van Rensselaer, Mariana (Mrs. Schuyler), Art Out-of-Doors : Hints on Good Taste in Gardening. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1893, 1925.

Vlach, John. The Back of the Big House. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1993.

Waldenberger, Suzanne. "Barrio Gardens: The Arrangement of a Woman's Space." Western Folklore 59, no. 3 (2000).

Walker, Alice. In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens : Womanist Prose. 1st ed. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983.

Waring, G. E. Village improvements and farm villages. Boston, MA: J. R. Osgood and company, 1877.

Way, Thaïsa and Steven Calcott. "Expanding Histories/ Expanding Preservation: The Wild Garden as Designed Landscape" Journal of Preservation Education and Research, 2 (Fall 2009): 53-64.

Way Thaïsa. “Longue Vue Gardens and Landscape: Ellen Biddle Shipman’s Contributions" Longue Vue House and Gardens: The Architecture, Interiors, and Gardens of New Orleans' Most Celebrated Estate, Charles Davey and Carol McMichael Reese. New York: Skira Rizzoli, 2015: 192-221.

Way, Thaïsa. “Social Agendas of Early Women Landscape Architects.” Landscape Journal, 25/2 (Fall 2006): 187-204.

Way, Thaïsa. Unbounded Practice : Women and Landscape Architecture in the Early Twentieth Century. Democracy and Urban Landscapes. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2009.

Westmacott, Richard Noble. African-American Gardens and Yards in the Rural South. 1st ed. Democracy and Urban Landscapes. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1992.

“W.H. Manning to Frank Seiberling, Akron, Ohio, July 20, 1917,” Stan Hywett Archives.

White, Monica. Freedom Farmers: Agricultural Resistance and the Black Freedom Movement. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

Williams, H. Hamilton. Handbook of the Negro Garden Club of Virginia. Hampton, Virginia: Hampton institute, Department of ornamental horticulture and Division of summer and extension study cooperating, 1943.

Wolcott, Victoria W. Remaking Respectability : African American Women in Interwar Detroit. Gender & American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.

Wood, Betty. Women's Work, Men's Work : The Informal Slave Economies of Lowcountry Georgia. University of Georgia Press, 1995.

Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.

Wright, Richardson. “House & Gardens Own Hall of Fame.” House & Garden (June, 1933).

New Members Only pages added to CGLHS website

David Laws — Fri, 23 Oct 2020 15:48:59 GMT

By Janet Gracyk (October 23, 2020)

With COVID-19 restrictions this year we have been seeking ways to help members connect with landscapes and with each other. Please check out the website and participate. The new Members Only pages are accessed from the green menu bar on our home page. Note that you must log in to CGLHS.org for access. If you have not logged in before just use the “Forgot Password” button to create your password.

CGLHS Talks: Did you miss a previous lecture or just want to revisit it? Recordings of recent lectures are available for members.

Sharing Project: CGLHS members are often engaged in fascinating projects or have acquired knowledge about surprising plants or landscapes. Maybe you are working on care and preservation of historic landscapes or you know about the location of an unusual plant or garden. Share your insights.

Meaning, Memory, and Landscape: This project was inspired by an essay by the cultural historian Robert Melnick titled Are We There Yet?,* in which he makes a plea to record the personal and the passionate in landscape. We all have places and people who drew us into the world of landscapes and captured our imaginations or that continue to move us. It may be some wild place, a family garden, or a grand vista. We invite you to post your story.

HALS Reports: We announced the annual competition for Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS) reports in the spring, and several CGLHS members submitted documentation. Members can post their surveys here and they will be accessible once they're vetted by the National Park Service.

In addition, we have two Facebook pages to explore:

California Garden & Landscape History Society, where we regularly post items of interest and events for our followers.
CGLHS Member Forum, a Facebook group which is meant to host interactive discussions. Interested participants may send requests to our moderator (through Facebook) to join.

As we look ahead to 2021 we are planning additional lectures online. Are you a candidate to present one of our talks? Let us know.

* Robert Z. Melnick, “Are We There Yet?: Travels and Tribulations in the Cultural Landscape.” Cultural Landscapes: Balancing Nature and Heritage in Preservation Practice, edited by Richard Longstreth, NED - New edition ed. (University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis; London, 2008). pp. 197–210.

Create a HALS Lost Landscape Record

David Laws — Fri, 05 Jun 2020 14:48:37 GMT

By Janet Gracyk (June 4, 2020)

Each year, the National Park Service Heritage Documentation Program sponsors a competition to document a significant landscape for inclusion in the Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS). The theme for 2020 is Vanishing or Lost Landscapes. CGLHS encourages everyone to participate. The deadline is July 31st.

Remnant of the James Flood Estate, Atherton. CA. HABS photo courtesy of the Library of Congress.

That vanishing or lost landscape may never be documented without your efforts! For those new to researching a landscape, this is a good way to start. The closure of libraries due to the COVID 19 pandemic poses a challenge, so you may have to rely on online resources and books in your personal library.

Following are four simple steps involved in documenting a lost landscape.

Select a landscape. If it is nearby and you can visit without violating any “shelter in place mandates, go take a look to remind yourself of the essential features.
Take photos or dig up any you have taken in the past. All documentation goes to the Library of Congress, creating a permanent record of a landscape. The Library of Congress is very particular about copyright, so only submit photographs you have taken yourself, or images that you have permission to use from the copyright owner.
Do some research using any sources you have to hand, search online, and call anyone who may be familiar with the history of the site. Be sure to keep good notes on your sources - you'll need that information.
Use the HALS online template (link here) and fill in the report.

Describe the landscape as it was at its peak, in as much detail as you can.
Describe all existing remnants to provide the most accurate record of what is there today.
Add your photos, and you are done.

The Historic American Landscapes Survey uses both a short-format report, supported with some research and a few digital photos, and a much more involved format with detailed drawings and in-depth research. The short-format HALS report used for this competition is the easiest and most accessible form of recordation. The program also provides flexibility, and a short-format report may be expanded at a later date.

If you plan to submit a report, please contact me, Janet Gracyk, at gracyk707@gmail.com to avoid duplicating efforts. I am also happy to provide additional guidance.

Visit the following pages for more information and to download a copy of the template.

Template: https://www.nps.gov/hdp/standards/HALS/HALSShortFormatTemplate.docx

NPS Information: https://www.nps.gov/hdp/competitions/HALS_Challenge.html

ASLA information: https://www.asla.org/ContentDetail.aspx?id=37491

Planned New Sacramento State Capitol Annex

David Laws — Wed, 15 Apr 2020 20:17:30 GMT

By Janet Gracyk (April 15, 2020)

Changes proposed for the California State Capitol property in Sacramento include demolition of the late Moderne style Annex building. The project is advancing rapidly but there is still time to question aspects of this project. Documents may be viewed at: https://annex.assembly.ca.gov/ .

Per the EIR, the project involves three primary components, (1) demolition and reconstruction of the existing Annex, (2) construction of a new underground visitor/welcome center on the west side of the Historic Capitol, and (3) construction of a new underground parking garage south of the Historic Capitol. See map below for the affected areas.

The mid-century Annex Building (built 1949-1951) would be removed entirely, with some decorative details removed for reuse. No one doubts that the Annex requires significant modifications, should it be retained, but retention of the building is not under consideration. The building is part of the National Register district. There was no consideration given to restoring, rehabilitating, or reconstructing the Annex.

There is surprisingly little analysis of the effects on the historic landscape. The EIR states: "It is estimated that approximately 20-30 trees would need to be removed to implement the project.” People with expertise following the project say that there are 106 historic trees in the footprint of the project, with no thorough plan for the trees. There are over 200 different kinds of trees in Capitol Park. This collection of trees, including many unusual ones, has been diminishing in variety for some years now. It is not entirely clear from the documents, how the Capitol’s “front porch” on 10th Street would be affected, but knowledgeable people have expressed great concern. Nothing in the EIR bodes well for this quality of the park.

Of note in the Recirculated - Draft Environmental Impact Report is this text, as an example of concern with the proposed project, and that’s only for the Visitor Center:

Overall, the new visitor/welcome center would alter historic landscape features of the West Lawn of the Capitol and reduce the ability of the resource to communicate its period of significance. The proposed project would introduce a large, modern intrusion into the historic landscape, which would eradicate almost one-third of the West Lawn’s character-defining features, such as historic circulation, portions of its vegetation, the spatial organization, and the topography. Therefore, this change would contribute to a significant impact on the historical resource.

Furthermore, the Historical State Capitol Commission, which by statute is to have access to all State agency documents when requested, has been denied access to documents. Commissioners have resigned, in protest.

Analysis of the construction of the underground parking structure, which gains 50 spaces over the current 150 spaces below the Annex, suggests little impact on the landscape. The claim is that the lack of information is due to the preliminary nature of the structure at this point, there does not appear to be a requirement for further study of effect of construction and the changes to the landscape.

For questions or further information, contact former commissioners Dick Cowan at dcowan@cowancs.com or Paula Peper at pjpeper@gmail.com.

Take action by contacting or writing to your state legislators, as well as Bill Monning, Chair of the Joint Rules Committee at https://sd17.senate.ca.gov/contact-us. If you need to locate your representatives, search http://findyourrep.legislature.ca.gov/

Belle Sumner Angier Burn (1870-1948) Early Garden Journalist and Designer of San Diego and Los Angeles

David Laws — Tue, 17 Mar 2020 19:18:35 GMT

By Nancy Carol Carter (March 17, 2020)

Belle Sumner Angier moved with her family from Illinois to a farm on the San Diego north coast in 1884. Her interest in botany was stimulated by visits to the endemic forest of Torrey pine trees near La Jolla. Encouraged by a distant family relative, Charles Sprague Sargent of Harvard’s Arnold Arboretum, Angier conducted the first inventory of the rare trees. She joined advocacy efforts resulting in ordinances extending protection to the endangered groves and wrote about San Diego’s Torrey pines in the Overland Monthly (June 1900).

Angier operated a downtown secretarial bureau and the Angier Agency, one of San Diego’s early advertising businesses. While still living and working in San Diego, she took charge in 1903 of “The House Beautiful—its Flower Garden and Grounds,” a new feature in the Los Angeles Times. San Diego gardens were included in her coverage. In 1904 she placed two articles in Floral Life (February and March 1904).

By 1905 Belle Sumner Angier was residing in Los Angeles and finishing The Garden Book of California (San Francisco: Paul Elder and Co., 1906). The work was well received and its expressive writing on gardens and the making of a California home is still quoted. Angier took a staff position with West Coast Magazine in 1907 and, at age 36, married artist and photographer Walter Lewis Burn. She wrote for House Beautiful and placed another article in the Overland Monthly (October 1916).

Advertising as Mrs. Walter Lewis Burn, she offered service as a “consulting landscape gardener.” Little is known of her landscape work beyond the elaborate gardens created in 1907 for the Hotel Virginia in Long Beach. (Mullio and Vollard, Long Beach Architecture. Santa Monica: Hennessey + Ingalls, 2004.)

Angier reportedly worked on projects in the Central Valley as the railway expanded, but documentation has not been located. There also are mentions of a multivolume collaboration on California gardens by Angier and Burn, but the work is unrecorded in library records and may not have been published. Possibly, that collaboration was the more modest endeavor for which Burn is the photographer of record: a presentation album created around 1910 for the Los Angeles architects Sumner Hunt and A. W. Eager.

Note: The author is seeking a photograph of Belle Sumner Angier (Mrs. Walter Lewis Burn) and information on other landscape projects attributed to her, with the aim of more completely documenting the work of this relatively unknown early woman garden journalist and landscaper. Information to: ncc@sandiego.edu.

Balboa Park – The Art of Funding & Design Style

David Laws — Sun, 26 Jan 2020 22:02:23 GMT

By Alexis Davis Millar (January 26, 2020)

For over 150 years, Balboa Park has shone as an ever-changing gem of San Diego. The 1,400 acres was originally set aside for public recreation in 1845, a portion of which would become Balboa Park. Officially designated a public park in 1868, its master plan evolved in the early 1900s by landscape architect Samuel Parsons, Jr. With the 1911 pivotal decision to celebrate the 1915 Panama-California Exposition in Balboa Park, competing renovation plans for the park would forever set the tone for all that would follow.

Water feature in Alcazar Garden (Credit: Alexis Davis Millar, 2019)

John Charles Olmsted and local horticulturalist Kate Sessions’ regionally sensitive planting design and site planning design, which prioritized capturing views, local land, and views of the bay, would be rejected in favor of architect Bertram Goodhue’s central mesa siting of the primary exposition space. Fulfilling this siting premise, Frank P. Allen, Jr. and Paul G. Thiene then created a planting design with turf and spectacular exotics. Allen and Thiene’s dazzling design choices, hailed as a huge success and captivating many visitors to San Diego, informed our definition of garden beauty in California – lush year-round, high-maintenance flower beds, and high water-dependence. Political might and funding pushed forward the central mesa siting and lush design, with Olmsted resigning from the project over these differences in long-term vision for the park. Along with Olmsted’s resignation, the design also lost the local expertise of Kate Sessions, as her role as consultant to Olmsted dissolved.

Twenty years later in preparation for the 1935 California Pacific International Exposition, architect Richard S. Requa expanded the building design and vernacular landscape style to include Moorish influences and styles relevant to the contextual architectural history of the Southwest. Throughout the design, he judiciously used water features as accents. Still preserved today was a key feature of his landscape design, that of transforming the formal garden to become the Alcazar Garden. The Alcazar Garden, with its Moorish tiled water features, was reconstructed in 1935, true to Requa’s design.

The guiding principle in Requa’s planting design for Balboa Park was one of green textures with colorful islands, leaving much of the park largely undeveloped. Though Requa ultimately considered his design unsuccessful, he was proud of a space he created for a specifically California native plant garden in the park.

The decades that followed the Exposition brought additional buildings, garden additions, and uses. Of the original 1,400-acre park created in 1868, 200 acres have now been lost. During the WWII era, for example, as a continuing resource for the local community, the park buildings also served as adjunct U.S. Navy buildings for the Balboa Navy hospital. Renovations during the 1990s included the Japanese Friendship Garden near the Spreckels Organ Pavilion.

As Balboa Park’s design continued to evolve into the late 1980s, local landscape architecture firm Estrada Land Planning produced a Park Master Plan and continues to re-envision how the park’s visitors can best experience the museums and outdoor spaces. Guiding the master plan by Estrada Land Planning and Civitas landscape architecture is that the core design is returned to the main plaza in an essentially vehicle-free zone while providing universal access to the museum buildings and landscape spaces. The community context and voices have been vigorously considered in the process.

Credit: Estrada Land Planning and Civitas, Plan for Plaza de Panama, May 2012

The Plaza de Panama Project concept, shown above has generated much passionate conversation. To stroll the Plaza unencumbered by the ever-dominating vehicular traffic was perceived as the next chapter in the evolution of this Park.

As illustrated in this very recent San Diego Union-Tribune article, the dynamic discussion continues to this moment, as to what is most appropriate in the next evolution of this community treasure.

Perhaps even the planting design of historic contributors such as Samuel Parsons, Jr., Kate Sessions, and John Charles Olmsted will also be reconsidered in this water-conscious time.

A special thank you to Nancy Carol Carter and Vicki Estrada for providing me such valuable Balboa Park materials in preparing this post.

Before Western Hills

David Laws — Mon, 06 May 2019 03:42:32 GMT

David Laws (May 5, 2019)

Western Hills Garden will celebrate its 60th anniversary with events scheduled on the weekend of May 25 & 26, 2019. The Winter 2015 issue of Pacific Horticulture magazine published an article of mine on "The rise, fall, and renaissance of one of horticulture's brightest stars" to mark the reopening of the iconic garden. The website included the following brief biographical information on the founders that was not shown in the print version.

Dining in the garden, 1978. Left to right: Lester Hawkins, Marshall Olbrich, Bill Day, and Jim Hickey. Photo: Jim Flack

Lester Hawkins (1915-1985) and Marshall Olbrich (1920-1991), founders of Western Hills Rare Plant Nursery in Occidental, California, came from distinctly different worlds and backgrounds.

Born in New York State in 1915, Lester Hawkins was raised in Olympia, Washington where his father ran a small grocery store. He went to live with an aunt in Texas who was married to an oil millionaire. The plan was for Lester to attend the Colorado School of Mines to study geology and enter the oil industry but instead he moved to New York where he lived on 40 cents a day. Charismatic, opinionated, and with strong views on the ills of the capitalist system, Lester studied economics in the public library and made plans to write a book on the topic. Three years later, he moved again, eventually arriving in San Francisco where he worked as a journalist and edited book manuscripts.

Robert Marshall Olbrich and a twin brother were born into the family of prominent Madison, Wisconsin attorney and civic leader Michael B. Olbrich in 1920. In politics a Progressive Republican, Olbrich senior served as deputy attorney general for Wisconsin, a special counsel for the state, and a regent of the University of Wisconsin from 1925 to 1929. He initiated a movement to acquire land for a garden site near Lake Monona that today is the nationally recognized Olbrich Botanical Gardens. Despondent over health and financial problems, in 1929 the senior Olbrich hanged himself. The family remained in Madison where Marshall earned an M.A. in Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin. He moved to Berkeley in 1942 to continue graduate work in philosophy at the University of California.

Lester and Marshall met while associating with colleagues in Berkeley having similar socialist leanings and opposition to the politics of the McCarthy era. They lived together in San Francisco in a relationship that, while enduring, was described by friends as like “two monkeys fighting in a barrel.” To escape the urban political scene and prejudice against their gay lifestyle, in 1959 they left their San Francisco apartment and professional careers to homestead on three acres of pastureland in Occidental, California, that Marshall purchased with a $2,300 inheritance.

While neither partner had any formal horticultural training, at Western Hills Lester emerged as a talented garden designer and Marshall as a master plantsman. Over the next 30 years, their unique combination of skills and personalities led to their development of the property into a garden and a place for sharing ideas that inspired a generation of horticulturists and landscape designers.

In addition to their work at the nursery, both men contributed research material and articles to many professional publications including many that appeared in the pages of Pacific Horticulture.

For information on the history of the garden, see "Western Hills at 60" on the Garden Conservancy website.

“Unparalleled Silicon Valley Estate”

David Laws — Tue, 26 Feb 2019 02:01:58 GMT

David Laws (February 25, 2019)

“Green Gables is one of the last remaining turn of the century, San Francisco summer estates. This 74-acre estate located in the most coveted portion of Woodside, California has 7 homes [29 beds, 25 full baths], 3 swimming pools, a reservoir, barn and stables and world-renowned gardens and lands. … This is literally a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to own what is arguably one of the finest estates in the country right in the heart of the Silicon Valley.”

This real estate listing, mind-boggling even by Silicon Valley standards, is for Green Gables the country home and garden that Charles Sumner Greene designed for the prominent San Francisco Fleishhacker family beginning in 1911. Greene worked on the house and gardens located on the eastern slope of the foothills in the town of Woodside for 25 years. Notable landscape features include a swimming pool (1916) and a formal water garden (1927) that has been described as "one of the finest Arts & Crafts-era gardens in the country."

The water garden is reached down a steep stone stairway leading to a 300-foot long reflecting pool against a backdrop of the Santa Cruz Mountains. The south end of the pool is defined by a row of arched stone columns in the style of a Roman aqueduct. Greene also designed other structures and dozens of flower pots and urns placed throughout the gardens. In 2015.

The Gamble House website published an article by CGLHS board member Ann Scheid, “An English house, an Italian garden, on the San Francisco Peninsula” that includes a detailed description of the house and garden. [1]

In 2004, the Fleishhacker family donated an easement to the Garden Conservancy to protect the historically significant garden and architectural landscape. Current CGLHS board member, Antonia Adezio, founding executive director/president of the Conservancy, headed up the San Francisco office at that time.

The current listing [2] does not quote a price, but an article in the San Jose newspaper The Mercury News of 2/25/19 says that it is “expected to fetch at least $140 million.” To describe the property with the old real estate cliché as offering a million-dollar view, would vastly understate the opportunity.

[1] “An English house, an Italian garden, on the San Francisco Peninsula” The Gamble House (June 3, 2015)

[2] “Unparalleled Silicon Valley Estate” Golden Gate Sotheby's International Realty

Landscape & Vista Restoration in Yosemite

David Laws — Sat, 20 Oct 2018 00:34:53 GMT

David Laws (October 19, 2018)

As with many tourist magnets across the globe, surging crowds are now threatening the very essence of the promise that draws them to the location in the first place. During a visit to Yosemite in early fall, I learned about how the park is addressing this problem that impacts some of its most beloved landscapes.

Communing with nature while jostled by herds of humanity seeking the most favored selfie spot is not what Fredrick Law Olmsted had in mind when, as a commissioner to Congress responsible for Yosemite, in 1865 he wrote; “It is a scientific fact that the occasional contemplation of natural scenes of an impressive character, … is favorable to the health and vigor of men and especially to the health and vigor of their intellect beyond any other conditions which can be offered them.”

For the first time in U.S. history, the federal government set aside scenic natural areas to be protected for the benefit of future generations. Roads were built and facilities provided to ease access to the most favored spots. With more than 4 million visitors a year, today Yosemite often resembles a forested theme park more than a sanctuary for the soul. In partnership with the Yosemite Conservancy, a philanthropic organization dedicated to supporting preservation and managing access in the park, in 2015 work began on the largest protection, restoration and improvement project in park history.

I visited the recently completed $40 million project to improve habitat and visitor experience in the Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoias. Roads, trails, and buildings encroaching on the roots of the ancient trees have been removed, an ADA-accessible boardwalk constructed, and natural hydrology improved. A shuttle service ferries visitors from a more distant parking area. And while the experience is still far from the pristine forest enjoyed by Olmsted, elimination of vehicles and new trails made of natural surfaces instead of pavement offer do offer 21^st century visitors a glimpse of the grove’s original grandeur and serenity.

At Bridalveil Fall sign boards describe plans to upgrade the popular site with improved paths and facilities. I was intrigued by the promise to open unobstructed views of the fall “through the expansion of several vista opportunities and the restoration of historic vistas.”

I met with Yosemite National Park Public Affairs Officer, Scott Gediman, to learn more about this aspect of the restoration program. He described the Scenic Vista Management Plan (SVP) to reestablish and maintain the Park’s iconic views, vistas, and lines of sight that are obscured by vegetation growth. When the park was originally set aside, vegetation patterns were much more open, with unblocked views and open meadows. Early photographs and paintings portrayed open oak woodlands that allowed for easy viewing of granite walls and waterfalls from the valley floor. The mix of meadows and forests throughout the park was maintained by natural wildfires.

Based on criteria of vividness, uniqueness, access, and intactness, the plan established in 2011 identified 93 vista sites appropriate for management where conifer encroachment has obscured previously open vistas. A total of 21 sites had been worked on through 2017. At Scott’s recommendation, I stopped to look at work proceeding on the meadow near the base of El Capitan. Many of the conifers and dead trees had been removed to reveal a view made famous in a photograph by Carlton Watkins that was used on a postage stamp in 1934. With all such projects, the question is what historic era should be chosen for the restoration. In this case, as the current road was completed in 1928, the decision was made to leave all trees established before that date. Details of individual sites are posted on the NPS website from which the picture below is taken.

Missing book pages discovered while researching Eden story

David Laws — Fri, 14 Sep 2018 19:29:48 GMT

David Laws (September 14, 2018)

Hayes Perkins who single-handedly created Perkins Park, a waterfront garden in Pacific Grove, California that became internationally famous in the 1960s, worked his way around the world eight times as a manual laborer before settling in the city in 1938. On leaving home at age 15, he had hopped freight trains and worked in fields, mills, mines, plantations, and ranches across the country before setting off to explore the globe by crewing on sailing ships, mining for diamonds in the Congo, and logging the forests of New Guinea for more than 45 years.

Unusually for someone of his humble origins, he was an avid reader and kept a detailed diary of his travels. A friend, Frank Preston of Butler, Pennsylvania, arranged for them to be typed in 1961. Five carbon paper copies of over 2,000 pages each were hard-cover bound into three tomes under the title Here and There. One set is held by the Royal Geographical Society, London. Perkins gave his to the Pacific Grove Public Library in 1962

Perkins’s longest assignments were on William Randolph Hearst’s properties in California. He worked on the construction of both Hearst Castle and the family compound, Wyntoon, near Dunsmuir in the early 1930s. At both locations he came into frequent contact with Hearst, his employees, and the constant stream of visitors from the worlds of politics, business, and entertainment, particularly Hollywood.

His diary entries at this time become more autobiographical in style. They offer unique insights from the perspective of an hourly laborer into the people, politics, and setting of the extraordinary world being created on "La Cuesta Encantada" (The Enchanted Hill). Although he abhorred Hearst’s infatuation with fascist dictators, particularly Mussolini, Perkins describes him as a fair, even a benevolent, employer. However, Perkins spares no kind words for the legions of sycophants and corrupt managers who ruled the roost in Hearst’s absence. He even faults architect Miss [Julia] Morgan for favoring a loud-mouthed foreman over others who were more competent. His descriptions of the debauchery of visiting Hollywood figures and their ravishing of young women invited to party on the hill make Harvey Weinstein look like an amateur. A non-drinker, he was especially troubled by late-night beach landings to replenish the castle liquor cellars during Prohibition. The Coast Guard ignored his whistle blowing for fear of reprisal by Hearst.

I came across Mr. Perkins while trying to understand why the City of Pacific Grove had allowed it’s most unique and universally admired civic asset, Perkins Park, to fall into such disarray. On researching his life and work, I decided that it would make an interesting topic for Eden, Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society.

I discovered that Frank Preston’s copy of Here and There, together with hundreds of pages of correspondence, had been donated to the Special Collections and Archives at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. Among the many letters between Preston and Perkins, I came across one dated April, 1st 1963 from Preston that asked “I wish you to go to the library and get your diary and cut out the three pages of the “Forward” which I wrote and send it to me.” Noting the date, at first, I wondered if this request was intended as a joke. But apparently not. Preston had been advised by his attorney that much of the content in the book about people could be considered libelous and he might be subject to lawsuits because of his involvement with the publication. He even asked Perkins to remove the name of the book binder so he could not be tracked down that way. Filed together with the letter were the three pages that Perkins had removed from the library and returned as requested.

On my return, I met with Pacific Grove Library director Scott Bauer. We looked at the library copy of Here and There (it is bound into three fat tomes and is kept locked in the reference section) and sure enough the location where the pages had been removed showed ragged edges of torn paper. Scott was pleased to see copies of the three pages that had been missing for 55 years returned to their original home.

Reprinted from the Cedar Street Times, September 14, 2018 page 8

Abkhazi Garden, Victoria BC

David Laws — Sun, 05 Aug 2018 22:02:05 GMT

David Laws (August 5, 2018)

It’s not California and I hesitate to call it historic, it’s younger than me, but if you are ever in Victoria, British Colombia and are seeking a more intimate and a little less over-the-top horticultural experience than Butchart Gardens, I recommend a couple of hours strolling the oak-shaded slopes of the Abkhazi Garden just a 15-minute bus ride from downtown.

After her release from a prisoner of war camp near Shanghai in 1945, Marjorie Pemberton-Carter purchased a rocky 1-acre hillside near Victoria and began clearing the land to build a home. A year later she married her childhood friend Nicholas, the exiled hereditary Prince of Abkhazia, Georgia. Over the next 40 years they worked together to transform the site into the garden that “became our child.” With help from the Garden Conservancy, The Land Conservancy of British Colombia purchased the property in 2000.

The following description is taken from the TLC website. “Hidden from the street by a high hornbeam hedge, the garden embraces a natural landscape that is unique to Victoria. The site is blessed with dramatic glaciated rocky slopes, magnificent native Garry oaks and gorgeous vistas and the garden is designed to make the most of these remarkable features It is the Abkhazis’ response to their landscape that qualifies it as a stunning example of West Coast design. The garden flows around the rock, taking advantage of deeper pockets of soil for conifers, Japanese maples and rhododendrons which over the last 50 years have grown to an impressive maturity. Carpets of naturalized bulbs, choice alpines and woodland companions provide interest throughout the year to the discerning plantsman, but it is the overall design that leaves the greatest impression.”

Times vary with the seasons but the garden is open year-round. For more information see the Abkhazi Garden Guide.

Upper Photo: Summer - View of the restored summerhouse, courtesy David Laws

Lower photo: Spring - Azalea garden in bloom, courtesy Linda Abbey

Montecito Lives and Landscapes Decimated

David Laws — Wed, 21 Feb 2018 01:25:05 GMT

Susan Chamberlin (February 9, 2018)

It is still difficult to comprehend the terrible loss of lives, homes, gardens, property, businesses, wildlife, and the cultural landscape in Montecito that occurred in the early hours of January 9, 2018 as “debris flows” triggered by a 200-year storm event drenching the Thomas Fire burn area tore apart families and the community. This disaster is now known as the Montecito Mudslides.

The cultural and natural landscapes were ravaged. Creek beds were reconfigured by flash floods and denuded in places as their riparian trees and vegetation were carried downstream along with thousands of tons of mud, ash, sandstone boulders (some bigger than SUVs), entire buildings, automobiles, and telephone poles to be deposited as debris in piles up to 20 feet high and 40 feet wide. Many of the trees and hedges that are a distinguishing feature of Montecito (1) are now gone including ancient coast live oak trees (Quercus agrifolia).

The cultural landscape originated following the Chumash Native American Indians because few, if any, traces of them remain. El Montecito was primarily settled by Presidio soldiers on Mexican land grants. Most lived near Montecito Creek, which flowed year-round before Yankee ingenuity privatized its water. Still called “Spanish Town,” the area of modest houses around East Valley Road and Parra Grande Lane (named for the big grapevine that Maria Marcelina Feliz planted in the 1870s) was hit hard. The Montecito Creek watercourse overall (which combines Cold Springs and Hot Springs Creeks) was where many homes and stone bridges were destroyed or damaged and where 16 of the 21 victims lost their lives. (Two remain missing at this writing.) Other entire neighborhoods were decimated along Romero and San Ysidro Creeks.

On the banks of San Ysidro Creek, the San Ysidro Ranch dates back to about 1825. It is advertised as Forbes magazine’s “#1 Favorite Leisure Hotel Anywhere in the World.” Once known for its oranges and later known as the resort where the Kennedys honeymooned, it is not clear if the Stonehouse Restaurant and Plow & Angel (formerly the orange packing house) or how many of its cottages were damaged or destroyed. The citrus grove, the chef’s garden, and other lovely gardens on the grounds are gone.(2)

Many Montecito gardens were created before the Depression during the Golden Age of American Gardens. Casa del Herrero, a National Historic Landmark cultural landscape, “weathered the storm” wrote Jessica Tade, its Executive Director, in an email of 1-12-18. World-famous Lotusland “is fine” with only some paths “washed out” according to a letter to members from CEO Gwen Stauffer. I heard through a friend that Val Verde, Lockwood de Forest’s masterpiece of landscape architecture, lost most of the landscape elements, a cottage, and rare old trees on the level adjacent to Montecito Creek. The formal reflecting pool (also known as the koi pond) below the steps to the house is damaged and filled with mud. He is certain that across the creek at El Fureidis (Betram Goodhue, 1903) the pavilion at the terminus of the iconic water feature was swept away along with plantings. Little altered over the years, Sotto il Monte (originally called La Toscana, A.E. Hanson, 1929) was spared. I do not know the fate of other significant gardens from the Golden Age. Casa Dorinda was one of them before it became a retirement community. Much of the property is said to be okay, although the entrance was wiped out. Ironically the 100-year-old historic, stone bridge to Casa Dorinda (designed by Carleton M. Winslow) survived the debris flows but the new bridge to replace it for code compliance did not.(3) Riven Rock, the former McCormick estate (c. 1897, Warren H. Manning with Dr. F. Franceschi) was subdivided into 34 parcels around1949. Many landscape elements remained until January when much of Riven Rock and at least one stone bridge was reportedly destroyed.

It will take a long time to survey damage to all the historic houses and gardens in Montecito, not to mention numerous contemporary gardens of note. I hope they and their owners are safe.

1. David F. Myrick, Montecito and Santa Barbara, Volume I: Pentrex Media Group, 1988, page 9 is the source of the idea about Montecito’s distinguishing features; this and Myrick’s Volume II (Trans-Anglo Books, 1991) are the best references for the history of Montecito. Information on the Montecito Mudslides is from friends, news reports (many sources), and maps posted online by the Santa Barbara Independent, the County of Santa Barbara, and KEYT News.

2. Bob Hazard, “Fire and Flood, Mud and Debris,” Montecito Journal, vol. 24, no. 3 (18-25 January 2018), 33. Hazard, 28.

The old lemon box label at the head of this update shows the Crocker-Sperry Company’s Las Fuentes Rancho orchards and the mountains behind Montecito, California before the landscape was transformed into the modern landscape we knew prior to January 9, 2018. East Valley Road (Hwy 192) is marked by rows of eucalyptus trees behind the Rancho. In 1967 the Rancho became the Birnam Wood Golf Club development (Thomas D. Church, landscape architect, Robert Trent Jones, golf course designer.) Early on January 9, 2018 flash floods and mudslides called “debris flows” originating in the Thomas Fire burn area descended on Montecito and transformed its landscape in a matter of minutes. In the aftermath of the debris flows, helicopters landed on the Birnam Wood fairways to transport victims to the hospital or to shelters.

Saving an Historic Rose Collection

Fri, 16 Jun 2017 18:39:31 GMT

Andre Stepankowsky

National treasures sometimes come in small packages. They’re delightful…but oh so easy to lose. So it is with a private garden of antique roses that colors and scents a gentle 2.5-acre slope in Sebastopol, California.

Some 3,500 different rose varieties are collected here on a plot with a sweeping vista of the Coast Range. They span the entire history of the rose. One finds many of the ancient wild or “species” roses here, as well as old Albas, Gallicas, Damasks and Moss roses, some of which Caesar and Shakespeare knew. The collection is especially rich in China, Tea roses and Hybrid Perpetuals, which bear romantic and mysterious names that reflect the French 19th-century mania for roses grown by Empress Josephine at her chateau at Malmaison. Finally, of course, there are Hybrid Teas bred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries—many of them impossible to buy or even find today.

Gregg Lowery and his partner, Phillip Robinson, painstakingly gathered this collection over 30 years. They hunted for roses in old cemeteries, farms, homesteads, and nurseries. Then they undertook the painstaking research needed to identify the foundlings. In 1984, somewhat early in their years of collecting, they established a nursery on the state highway leading to Sebastopol. Vintage Gardens, as they named it, enabled them to earn a living off their passion and sustain their prodigious assemblage of plants.

Many public gardens contain far more roses. Yet despite its small footprint, the collection at Vintage Gardens is unmatched anywhere in North America in the scope of its diversity. Only the collection at the Europa-Rosarium Sangerhausen in Germany matches it.

“It’s the most comprehensive collection of roses of all types of classes,” says Stephen Scanniello, author of 20 books about roses and former curator of roses at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden in New York. “Nothing has been assembled like it in any public garden or private garden in the world, with the exception of Sangerhausen.

Vintage Gardens has helped restock many old rose gardens that have been destroyed by disease or lost to changing tastes. A decade ago, curators of the Hearst Castle in San Simeon drew from Vintage Gardens to restore the garden of Hybrid Tea roses chosen by William Randolph Hearst in collaboration with his architect, Julia Morgan. Planted in the 1920s and ‘30s at the Castle, most of these roses had been out of commerce for a half-century.

“Our garden could restore every significant garden of historic roses in the country. On that level it is unique and very special,” Lowery asserts. “There isn’t anything else like it.” On an aesthetic and cultural level, roses have entwined themselves with human history more than any other flower, and the collection in Sebastopol “is a record of human endeavor and passion,” he says. “It’s a gene bank of human creation.”

It is also in danger. Vintage Gardens had to shut down its roadside location in 2006. And its mail-order business will close at the end of 2013. Competition from big box stores, the recession and, to some extent, the waning of interest in older roses have put the endeavor down for the count. And the collection has suffered accordingly. Blackberries are suffocating parts of the garden, and pocket gophers have chewed away the roots of many plants. The collection, which at one time or another has harbored 5,000 varieties of roses, is badly in need of an inventory.

In 2011 Lowery (Robinson moved on to other interests several years ago) was within 20 days of losing the property to foreclosure when some friends stepped in. They purchased the site and agreed to lease the garden for $1 a year to a group of former customers and friends who call themselves Friends of Vintage Roses. The group, formed in 2012, now owns the collection and is seeking nonprofit status to raise money to preserve the trove that Lowery and Robinson assembled. For now, donations may be sent to the Heritage Rose Foundation at heritagerosefoundation.org.

In addition to harboring genetic material that could one day prove useful, Lowery’s roses are windows into human history. On tours of the garden, Lowery often speaks of people and events that were notable when a particular rose arrived on the scene. “He’ll tell you that this rose was popular when Mozart was composing,” says Scanniello, and in his view, the roses of Sebastopol “are heirlooms and pieces of social history, museum pieces…they are van Goghs.”

Andre Stepankowsky is an award-winning writer and city editor of The Daily News of Longview, Washington. He tends two rose gardens and lectures about roses old and new.

CGLHS Conferences and Me

Fri, 16 Jun 2017 17:22:41 GMT

Thea Gurns

Until 1995, I was a person happy in my spot; indeed, a person who believed her spot was just the best, no question. I viewed San Diego the way that famous New Yorker cover viewed the world—mapped in detail for several blocks, then perspective narrowed and shortened until the illustration took a quick dive off an edge.

The far southwestern corner of the Golden State held everything for me—coast, flat lands, “back country,” mountains, desert. Beach cliffs, tide pools, coastal sage, streams, lakes. I thought San Diego lacked for little.

When Bill Grant founded the California Garden and Landscape History Society, I went along for the ride. Soon I was hearing names unknown to me—McLarens, father and son; Farrand; Yoch. Who were these people? What had they done? Gardens were mentioned—Bancroft, Saratoga, Val Verde. Where were they? What did they contain?

I began learning from the first meeting I attended, in November 1996, Botanic Heritage Gems of San Diego. Lucy Warren arranged a visit to archived wonders tucked in the basement of the San Diego History Center. Then we gathered in one of Balboa Park’s “secret” meeting places not often open to the public. When we went around the room to name interests, the answers intimidated: botanist, landscape designer, garden researcher, horticultural librarian, historian. “I want to look at pretty places,” I said.

Over the following fifteen years traveling the state to CGLHS conferences. I have looked aplenty at pretty places. Come travel along.

1999 Artistic Legacies

Unlocking the Treasures Behind the Garden Gates
All about the ranchos, Los Alamitos and Los Cerritos, still here in fiercely urban/suburban Long Beach. David Streatfield gave a talk in a newly restored barn where some of us were seated on prickly hay bales. Once home, I immediately went to his book, California Gardens: Creating a New Eden, and learned more.

2000 Garden History of the Monterey Peninsula

I remember walking through whitewashed adobes, their thick walls holding silence. From the preservationist herself, I scored a Frances Grate geranium. It still flourishes in our garden.

2001 Garden History of Sonoma County

Ah, this was the time the historian Tom Brown threw back his head and proclaimed, “There were no mission gardens.” Since then, I never have looked at those misleading things, mission courtyards, in the same way Here we enjoyed a great dinner of locally sourced sausages and vegetables plucked fresh from a plot up the street and drank the esteemed local wines.

2002 Cultivating CapistranoHistoric Valley Gardens and Landscapes

Those assembled enjoyed the happiness of wandering adobe-lined Rios Street at dusk, a magic hour that called forth days now vanished. The mood continued through dinner in Carol MacElwee’s original adobe—thank you, Virginia Gardner!—as we listened to songs of early Californios. Gary Lyon treated us to an impromptu tour of the historic O’Neill ranch, showing us a coastal sage vista that stretched forever and an extraordinary cactus garden he’d planted to surround the house.

2003 Earthly Paradise = Garden History of the San Francisco Peninsula

At the Cantor Center for the Arts we admired Betsy Fryberger’s exhibition on the evolution of garden art that was every bit as fascinating as she had promised. On this, my first visit to Stanford, you could see the way the school grew out of the family estate. Rudolph Ulrich’s Victorian Arizona Garden was a highlight. Former Filoli Director Lucy Tolmach toured us through the Gentleman’s Fruit Orchard there, and we also visited that Craftsman triumph Green Gables. The view of the Santa Cruz hills bewitched.

2004 The Empire that Citrus Built - Landscape History of Old San Bernardino County.

We wandered over the Mission Inn’s crenellations and enjoyed taste-testing at the UC Citrus Research Station, guided by soon-to-retire Tootie. My friend Beki was so taken by citrus she discovered here that she has now propagated 500 to 600 lime varieties and is well on her way to a commercial 1,000. At Fairmont Park we learned dilapidation teaches, too.

2005 Beyond Vineyards - Landscapes of the Napa Valley

Sandra Price sat us down in the St. Helena School auditorium and speakers related how before the grapes, a variety of crops were farmed in the valley. We toured six private gardens set among ubiquitous vineyards. A late afternoon wine reception at historic Spottswoode estate deepened the spell of this famed part of the state. As I’m claustrophobic, I held back as you all descended into Schramsberg wine caves, but I still learned enough to prefer Schramsberg Brut Rose with buttered popcorn.

2006 California’s Saratoga Springs, Orchards and Gardens

Tucked away in hill country, Saratoga revealed itself as a fine retreat for those seeking restoration in the spring waters of a resort town. In the picturesque historic village we met in Old Fireman’s Social Hall, then toured estate gardens, including the impressive Villa Montalvo, and Japanese-style gardens. At Hakone Garden’s moon-viewing pavilion, we participated in the ritual of Japanese tea—an exceptional treat.

2007 California Japanese-Style Gardens Tradition and Practice

Because of this conference, I now drive modest postwar suburban streets hoping to spot remnants of Japanese-style pruning. The lectures were intense forays into American manifestations of Japanese garden styles: estate, teahouse, bungalow, and friendship. We learned about the gardeners who created and maintained them. My friend Nancy Carol Carter used her lunchtime wisely: She darted into an old hardware store and came out with a Japanese grass sickle she uses to slice through thick succulent leaves. As we ate dinner on the garden terrace of the New Otani Hotel, we listened as mystery writer Naomi Hinahara read from her latest novel.

2008 Spirit of Landscape - California’s Lower Owens River Valley

The conference celebrated the beauty and diversity of California’s Eastern Sierra landscape, and few of us there will forget this dramatic mountain, desert, and river valley region, and especially the gardens created by Japanese Americans interned at Manzanar during World War II. Each time we turn on a spigot in these drought-conscious times we’ll remember the changes wrought on the land by the diversion of water from the Owens River into Los Angeles aqueducts.

2010 Santa Cruz - Land of 1001 Wonders

For me, this conference was dominated by our honoree and founder Bill Grant who orchestrated activities in boom-voice fashion. UC Santa Cruz is renowned for its native plant collection. From those around at the creation, we heard how its wonders came to be and over the years evolved. The UC Santa Cruz Arboretum has a plant store, where I picked up the ‘William Grant’ rose, which is named for Bill.

2010 Keeping Up with the Joneses - Beatrix Farrand’s Southern California Gardens

Garden historian Judith Tankard discussed Farrand with an emphasis on her little-known work in SoCal, including the director’s house at the Huntington (where her husband was library director), and at the Santa Barbara Botanical Garden. Then our own Ann Scheid showed us around the Farrand-designed portions of Caltech and Occidental College. The lagniappe for me was a stop at Hale Solar Observatory, a Spanish Colonial Revival gem of reinforced concrete with chimney, mission tiles, rough plastered walls, and deeply set windows. Given National Historic Register status, it is now owned and maintained by the architect couple who saved and beautifully restored it.

2011 Ranchos to Castles - A Tour of San Luis Obispo County

We traveled by bus down the coast past beach towns and up through a valley of farms and vineyards. Dining in the dramatic setting of a hilltop vineyard, we were entertained by historian Victoria Kastner’s illustrated talk about Hearst Ranch. For me the defining moment was realizing at the Dana Adobe that to preserve the original viewscape is as important as saving the house and garden and that an historic vista can be equally worthy of national registration and preservation.

2012 Plants, Passion, and Propagation - A Horticultural Tour of Sonoma County

For me, the high point came on a sweltering day as we sat in the Quarry Hills greenhouse enthralled by tales told by a plant hunter who travels to discover seeds and brings them back to the lab for propagation. Again, our backseat filled with plants, this time from the impressive native plant nursery, California Floral.

2013 A Fresno Frolic

Third-generation inhabitant Bob Boro’s passion shone as he showed us around the Fig Garden area and entertained us in his own Tower District home. I especially remember strolling in Kearney Park under a tunnel of century-old olive trees, imagining how it would feel to ride through the allée in a horse-drawn carriage. The Clark Center of Japanese Art and Culture in Hanford, now closed forever, impressed with its Torii gates, stroll garden, and fabled art collection.

2013 Becoming Public - Design, History, Plants and Preservation in East Bay Gardens

The draw for me was the Ruth Bancroft Garden. What an avid gardener and record-keeper! What she created was exceptional in her time, and with its many water-conserving plants is especially relevant today. At 105 years of age and from her wheelchair, Bancroft was still planting up pots to be sold to help maintain the property. Richard Turner showed us around as he recounted the story of his discovering the garden and how the non-profit Garden Conservancy sprang from a need to preserve this horticultural treasure.

2014 Santa Barbara and The Landscape Legacy of Lockwood De Forest

As we hurried to the opening lecture on our first evening, moist night air carried the scent of coastal sage scrub characteristic of this landscape. With hills hugging close to the sea, Santa Barbara is plein air in real time. All the de Forests knew the magic intimately and showed its gentle beauty and strength on canvas and on the land. Sidney Baumgarten inherited the de Forest “Buffalo” roadster and had it on special display in her driveway. The walk through her house to get to the back garden jolted me. I remember reading 1980s’ design magazines showcasing her work, and now I realize how much my décor is stamped with her influence.

As I read through this list of conferences and tours-and-talks, memories tumble, ideas emerge. Was it at Sonoma that the Luther Burbank house garden grew or was that Jack London’s house I remember? The evening reception in a WPA-built clubhouse: Was that in Monterey or somewhere outside San Luis Obispo? Enlightenment came on journeys to and from sites—vivid orange poppy fields on the way to Lompoc, golden September hills around Walnut Creek, surfers wave-riding Mussel Shoals’ white water.

And then there are all those CGLHS folks who took me in hand and taught me—Marlea Graham, Laurie Hannah, Margaret Mori, Susan Chamberlin, Glenda Jones, Judy Horton: thank you! The backseat plants expand our garden in diversity, a match for my expanding knowledge of the state’s diversity. When a news item names a city or section of California, that name resonates because I can recall where that place is, what it looks like now, and a little bit of times past.

What does my California now feel like? Enlarged. Enriched. My part of California is still the nest, but now other parts—your part—look pretty fine, too. Through these conferences, as a group, we’ve stitched together patches of my, your, our California into one big state garden and landscape quilt.

We still answer David C. Streatfield’s call to arms at our first conference. California’s gardens and landscapes are worth our passion and celebration. This year in San Diego!

Thea Gurns maintains she is a charter member of CGLHS, as it’s not her fault the application was lost in the mail and she missed the 1995 organizational meeting!